Whipworms in Dogs

2023-06-07
Whipworms in Dogs

Whipworms are intestinal parasites that are relatively common in dogs. The medical term for a whipworm infestation is "trichuriasis." There are a variety of Trichuris species that affect different host species. The Trichuris vulpis parasite is often transmitted to dogs after they ingest soil contaminated with feces from infected dogs.

Whipworms are small worms, reaching a maximum size of 2 to 3 inches. They have a thin, whip-like front end and a thicker back end. The whipworms attach themselves to the walls of the large intestine, feeding on blood.

If your dog only has a small infestation of whipworms, it may not have any symptoms. Heavy infestations, however, usually cause diarrhea, weight loss, and sometimes anemia. While whipworms can infect any dog, they can potentially be more serious in young dogs, senior dogs, or dogs with weakened immune systems.

What Are Whipworms?

Whipworms are one of the four common intestinal worms that infect dogs. The other three are tapeworms, roundworms, and hookworms.

Whipworms have a simple life cycle; their eggs are passed in the dog's feces, and under ideal conditions, whipworm eggs can mature and become capable of causing infection after about two to four weeks in the environment. They are quite resistant to heat and dry conditions and can remain viable outside a host for as long as five years.

Once the eggs are ingested by a dog (for example, when a dog is grooming itself or eating things off the ground), they hatch in the dog's small intestine.

Eventually, the larvae move to the large intestine, taking about 11 weeks to become mature adults. They are then capable of producing more eggs, which then pass to the environment through the dog's stool, thus starting the cycle all over again.

Symptoms of Whipworms in Dogs

In dogs with light infections, there are usually no symptoms. As an infection intensifies, inflammation of the large intestine can result, and any of the following symptoms may appear.

Symptoms

  • Weight loss
  • Diarrhea
  • Mucus or blood in the stool
  • Pain when passing feces
  • Anemia


Dogs with heavy loads of whipworms usually develop diarrhea, which can become chronic, leading to weight loss and dehydration. Often, the diarrhea is bloody or gooey. The intestinal inflammation can make it painful for the dog to pass feces, and you might notice your dog straining or crying while having a bowel movement.

Very heavy infestations can cause the dog to become anemic, meaning the dog has too few red blood cells. This can cause the dog to be fatigued or weak, and you might notice your dog's gums are paler than normal.

Rarely, whipworm infections cause a syndrome similar to Addison's disease, with periodic episodes of weakness and electrolyte imbalance, along with the typical symptoms of diarrhea. The mechanism of this effect is not understood, however.

What Causes Whipworms in Dogs?

The cause of a whipworm infection is the dog ingesting viable whipworm eggs from the soil. This can happen when a dog eats something off the ground, or if a dog gets whipworm eggs on its fur and then grooms itself. Once the dog has ingested the eggs, they mature within the dog's intestinal system.

How Vets Diagnose Whipworms in Dogs

The eggs of whipworms are too small to be seen with the naked eye, but they can be detected in a stool sample under the microscope. The test process is called fecal flotation. Unlike roundworms and hookworms, however, female whipworms only produce eggs intermittently, so the eggs can be difficult to catch on fecal tests. Repeated tests may be necessary, and if a whipworm infection is suspected, it is common to treat for whipworms even if eggs are not found.

How to Treat Whipworms in Dogs

Many medications can be used to treat whipworms, and your vet can help you pick the right one. Whipworms are often resistant to some common dewormers, so the treatment may be a prescription that is new to you. Multiple treatments are usually recommended for best results, usually spaced four weeks apart for at least 3 months. Most dogs fully recover from a whipworm infection with treatment.

Since the eggs survive for a long time, the potential for reinfection from eggs that are left in the intestinal tract is significant. Your vet may recommend that you give your dog a parasite preventative every few months. Often, a heartworm preventative that also prevents whipworms is prescribed.

Prognosis for Dogs With Whipworms

While it might take multiple treatments to completely eradicate whipworms, your dog should recover entirely once the worms are gone.

How to Prevent Whipworms in Dogs

If your dog has been diagnosed with whipworms, take care to clean any surfaces that may be infested. It is important to promptly remove pet waste, which could contain eggs. If your dog frequently defecates in a certain area in your yard, it may be beneficial to replace any gravel, wood chips, or other material in the area that is hard to clean.

While it can be difficult to entirely prevent your dog from eating things off the ground, do your best to keep your dog away from areas where you know it is likely to graze. Brush and bathe your dog regularly to help remove eggs from its fur.

In areas where whipworms are common, your veterinarian might recommend that you keep your dog on a regular schedule of heartworm preventative that is also effective against whipworms to reduce the risk of reinfection.

Are Whipworms Contagious to Humans?

The canine whipworm, Trichuris vulpis, very rarely infects humans, although it can infect other dogs in your home. There are also species of whipworms that mostly infect cats. However, animal whipworms are not considered a significant human health risk. There is a species of whipworm, Trichuris trichuria, that does infect humans, though.

If you suspect your pet is sick, call your vet immediately. For health-related questions, always consult your veterinarian, as they have examined your pet, know the pet's health history, and can make the best recommendations for your pet.

Related Article

Common Injuries in Dogs and How to Treat Them

Common Injuries in Dogs and How to Treat Them

Learn about the most common injuries in dogs—whether in their legs, spine, tail, or eye—and how you should treat them with this helpful list.
How to Calm a Panting Dog

How to Calm a Panting Dog

Learn how to calm a dog’s breathing when they’re panting or breathing too fast. Dogs may breathe fast for several reasons. Know when to call the vet and how to determine if it’s an emergency.
Common Antibiotics for Dogs

Common Antibiotics for Dogs

Antibiotics are commonly used in dogs to treat a variety of infections. Learn about some common types of antibiotics for dogs, what conditions they treat, potential side effects, and safety information.
Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care

Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care

The Petit Basset Griffon Vendéen, or PBGV for short, is a small, shaggy-coated scent hound from France. Known for their charming personality and cuddly appearance, Petit Basset Griffon Vendéens are outgoing, confident, and proud dogs.
Golden Retriever: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care

Golden Retriever: Dog Breed Characteristics & Care

Learn about the golden retriever, one of the most popular dog breeds in the world. It is known for its loyalty, enthusiasm, and sweet, bright eyes.
Becoming a Show Dog: Getting Started

Becoming a Show Dog: Getting Started

Do you have the perfect puppy? Have you considered showing her in a dog show? There's much more to showing than showing up! Here's how to get started.
How to Train Your Dog to Go to Its Place

How to Train Your Dog to Go to Its Place

Training your dog to go to its bed or place is a great way to get it to settle down quickly. Learn how to get your dog to follow the place command.
Myths and Superstitions About Black Cats

Myths and Superstitions About Black Cats

Black cats have played a major role in folklore, superstition, and mythology for centuries. Learn the origins behind these black cat stories.
Devon Rex: Cat Breed Profile, Characteristics & Care

Devon Rex: Cat Breed Profile, Characteristics & Care

The Devon rex is a unique breed known for their unique appearance, including large ears, big eyes, and a short, wavy coat. They are active and friendly cats who make a great fit for most families. Learn more about the Devon rex cat breed.
Birman: Cat Breed Profile, Characteristics & Care

Birman: Cat Breed Profile, Characteristics & Care

The Birman is a medium- to large-sized cat breed that has a stocky body and a quiet demeanor. Learn more about this kind-natured cat.
Reasons Why Your Cat Acts Crazy and How to Stop It

Reasons Why Your Cat Acts Crazy and How to Stop It

Cats do some strange things. Learn the reasons why your cat may run around acting crazy and find out if it's something you should be concerned about.
Why Cats Eat Litter and How to Stop It

Why Cats Eat Litter and How to Stop It

Eating litter is not uncommon in kittens, but it may be a sign of health problems in adult cats.
How to Discipline Your Cat the Right Way

How to Discipline Your Cat the Right Way

Cats are mischievous but sometimes they also misbehave. Learn how to safely and effectively discipline a cat and positively change their behavior.
Ringworm in Cats

Ringworm in Cats

Ringworm in cats is a fungus similar to athlete's foot in humans. Learn the causes, treatment, and prevention.
Signs of Heat in Cats

Signs of Heat in Cats

A cat in heat will show several physical and behavioral signs. Here's how to tell if your cat is in heat and how to care for her during this time. Learn the signs and how to prevent pregnancy, even if her cycle has begun.
What to Do if Your Cat Is Snoring

What to Do if Your Cat Is Snoring

Cat snoring can happen for several reasons. Find out if your cat's snoring is normal or caused by a medical issue. Know when to call the vet about your cat snoring.
Is Lavender Safe for Cats?

Is Lavender Safe for Cats?

Are cats safe around lavender? Find out how lavender affects cats and what to do if your cat is exposed to it.
Hyperlipidemia in Cats

Hyperlipidemia in Cats

Hyperlipidemia is an abnormally high level of fat in a cat's bloodstream. Learn the causes, treatment, and prevention.
275 Best Male Cat Names for Your Handsome Kitty

275 Best Male Cat Names for Your Handsome Kitty

There are plenty of male cat names to choose from if you’re looking to add a new tomcat to the family. Here are 275 of our favorite choices for male cat names.
Can Dogs Eat Raw Chicken Feet?

Can Dogs Eat Raw Chicken Feet?

What are the potential health benefits of chicken feet for dogs? What are the risks?